we will see later). You can check it is PolylineZ by opening its attribute table. Of course, this can be modified and/or assigned inside HMS. This will create a new folder inside your working folder with the name of the project CedarCreek, and store all the relevant raster, vector and tabular data inside this folder. Create a field named SoilCode (type: Text) in cedar_soil_clip. line datasets shown above, the land masses, islands, and water features are This is also referred to as a multipart polygon. The subsequent lines list elevations for the lattice mesh Display data in 2D and 3D simultaneously. Zoom-in to the most upstream part of the ceedar creek tributaries. However, if you want to distinguish your points (for whatever reason) from the default BatchPoint, it is better to just keep them in separate feature class. WebA geographic information system (GIS) is a type of database containing geographic data (that is, descriptions of phenomena for which location is relevant), combined with software tools for managing, analyzing, and visualizing those data. You now have a very useful dataset for use in several hydrologic models and studies. Choose the default Center of Gravity Method, input Subbasin, leave the default name for Centroid. Leverage contemporary ArcGIS capabilities included in your ArcGIS Pro license and apply them directly to business needs. Next click on RAS Mapping->Read RAS GIS Export File. Next create four more fields named PctA, PctB, PctC, and PctD all of type short integer in cedar_soil_clip feature class. Save the map document. In the Optional Layers tab, make sure the layers that are empty are set to Null. Similary add stream.shp, and save the map document. As these represent the four major classes, we will adequately reclassify cedar_lu. How to publish with us, including Open Access Journal metrics 5.017 (2021) Impact factor 5.000 (2021) Five year impact factor A GIS enhanced data analytics approach for predicting nursing home hurricane evacuation response Authors (first, second and last of 7) Nazmus Sakib; Commonly, shapefiles are compressed in a .zip file for transfer such as emailing as an attachment or via a web site download. The HEC-GoeHMS project setup menu has tools for defining the outlet for the watershed, and delineating the watershed for the HEC-HMS project. To perform sub-watershed delineation, you should use watershed Processing->Batch Subwatershed Delineation option in the ArcHydro toolbar. Now consider arc #2. Press OK. This will populate the remaining attributes. If you want to split the river segment at the selected point, you can just right click on the point inside the dockable window and split the river. of the data. Confirm LandUse for Land Use, choose N_Value for Manning Field, XSCutLines for XS Cut Lines, leave the default name Manning for XS Manning Table, and click OK. (Note: Summary Manning Table is not required if n values already exist in the LandUse table). We are almost done with GeoRAS pre-processing. WebModelSerializer. Although these spatial relationships are complex, you, as the user, do not In the image georeferencing information as well as point data for elevations on the surface By opening the attribute table of cedar_lu, you will notice that majority of cellsrepresent grass/crops, followed by forest, developed land, and then water. The refinement of flood inundation results to create a hydraulically correct output is not covered in this tutorial - this is an iterative process requiring several iterations between GIS and HECRAS. Due to some reason, if you decide to delineate the watershed for this point again, make sure BatchDone is set to 0, or else ArcHydro will skip this point. For One way to deal with sliver polygons is to assign missing values to all features. ArcInfo as the main GIS software, the coverage will be around for quite some - Go to Watershed Processing Batch Watershed Delineation, and make sure you specify the shapefile/feature class that has the batch points for the Batch Point drop-down box (by default the program will use BatchPoint feature class). HEC-GeoRAS will create a geodatabase with the analysis name (Steady Flow) in your output directory. The dictionary problem Click OK on the process completion message box. Just ignore this message and continue. For example, a logical data model shows the primary key (aka unique ID), as well as the attribute column names. Manipulate analysis parameters and receive real-time visual feedback. Confirm Bridges for Bridges/Culverts, baxter_tin for Terrain, Bridges 3D for Bridges/Culverts Profiles, and Click OK. After digitizing bridges/culverts, you need to assign attributes such as River/Reach name and station number to these features. This will help identify any errors in the input data and fix them, and run the simulation again, if necessary. Vector data provide a way to represent real world features within the GIS environment. The rgdal package is normally installed with your installation of raster. time. When you used the profile tool earlier to view the cross-section profile, the program used the underlying terrain to extract the elevations along the cutline. This is a quick guide on how to add the coordinates of particular points into your shapefile attributes table. Besides these attributes, you must enter additional information about the bridge(s) such as the name and width in its attribute table as shown below. While tics are not a part of the native ArcGIS For example, lets say that you created a project folder called HW05 under D:/Username/. Note that ArcMap is a legacy GIS software replaced by ArcGIS Pro. The error message reminds us that a geographic coordinate system (i.e. A feature is anything you can see on the landscape. Save the map document. For example, compared to the main channel, overbank areas are assigned higher values of Mannings n to account for more roughness caused by vegetation. To merge/union soil and landuse data, use the Union tool in ArcToolbox available under Analysis Tools->Overlay. You should be able to see a Hec Geo RAS tools menu added. To use the same points that were used for watershed delineation to delineate sub-watersheds, you need to open the attribute table of the points and use the field calculator to set BatchDone = 0 (this will tell Arc Hydro that sub-watersheds are not delineated for these points). the map's scale increases, the city will soon appear as a polygon. Dataset Setup: Select HMS Project Setup -> Data Management on the HEC-GeoHMS Main View toolbar. The following code will convert point, polyline or polygon features to a spatial* object. To assign Mannings n to cross-sections, click on RAS Geometry->Mannings n. Values->Extract n Values. Flow Accumulation Grid ( file name: Fac), 6. Within ArcGIS, there are only minor differences between the functionality of A raster file can also be stored in a file geodatabase alongside vector files. Join component table to cedar_soil_clip by using the common mukey field as shown below: Click OK. You may get a message asking you to index fields. The tidygeocoder package will convert street addresses to latitude/longitude coordinate pairs using a wide range of geocoding services such as the US census and Google. Select the Subcritical Flow Regime, and click on the COMPUTE button. External In Person Training Opportunities, Recommended Practice: Flood Hazard Mapping, Hydrological Modeling in ArcHydroTools and HEC-GeoHMS, Watershed and stream network delineation using ArcHydro Tools, Terrain processing and HEC-GeoHMS model development, Workflow for the Creation of CN Grid in ArcMap, Watershed and Stream Network Delineation using ArcHydro Tools, Terrain Processing and HEC-GeoHMS Model Development, Recommended Practice: Radar-based Flood Mapping, Global Map-Global Land Cover (GLCNMO - ISCGM), HEC-GeoHMS - Hydrologic Engineering Center, HEC-GeoRAS - Hydrologic Engineering Center, The DEM and land cover grid from USGS and SSURGO data for Cedar Creek in northeastIndiana are provided as zip file for this tutorial and can be downloaded. Management of models through ProjectPoint and ProjectArea let users see areas for which HMS basin models are already created, and also allow users to re-create models with different stream network threshold. Select Hydrologic Parameters->Subbasin Parameters. ArcInfo format grids are the native Raster data represent the landscape as a rectangular matrix of square There are three different types of GIS data, which include spatial, attribute, and metadata. roads and transmission cables. The display should look similar to the figure shown below and be zoomed in sufficiently so you can see and click on individual grid cells. Select Basin Characteristics->River Slope. To digitize the upper Baxter River reach, click in the direction of flow and double click when done (at intersection with Tule Tributary). Note that the sf object stores not only the geometry but the coordinate system information and attribute data as well. Y coordinates for each point or vertex in the layer. Confirm the inputs, and click OK. Two new feature classes HMS Link and HMSNode will be added to the map document. Typical simple image data A simple scanned color photographic image (GIF format). The coordinates can be represented as points on a map. The next step is to add HEC-RAS attributes to these cutlines. Install HEC GeoRAS onto your computer, Open Arc map click the customize menu (Scrolldown the list to see Customize") In the Customize dialog that appears, check the Hec Geo RAS Tools box. Layers represent, in a special digital storage format, Confirm that the input of the Flow Direction Grid is Fdr. This process may take several minutes for a large grid! We will cover the operating system's file structure for If you open the attribute table for cedar_soil_lu, you will find that there are several sliver polygons in this feature class that have attributes only from landuse_poly and the soil attributes are empty, and vice versa as shown below: In the above table the columns that start with FID_. give the object ids of features from landuse_poly and cedar_soil_clip. are said to be geoferenced. Close the attribute table, and save the map document. The hydrologic parameters menu in HEC-GeoHMS provides tools to estimate and assign a number of watershed and stream parameters for use in HMS. Three differently scaled views of an ArcInfo format elevation grid, The data can represent elevation, a cell, but a cell is not always a pixel. Confirm that the input to the Flow Direction Grid and Link Grid are Fdr and Lnk respectively. Therefore, creating adequate number of cross-sections to produce a good representation of channel bed and floodplain is critical. For each shapefile there exist at least 3 files, the shape data (stored in the .shp file), an associated dBASE (relational database) table (stored in the .dbf file), and a spatial index (stored in the .shx file). In this example, an sf polygon feature is converted to a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object. ArcGIS vector operations. All the cells in a particular segment have the same grid code that is specific to that segment. The output is the stream link grid, with the default name StrLnk that can be overwritten. The geographic coordinates including the z coordinate for nodes are stored as attributes (CanvasX, CanvasY, and Elevation) in HMSLink and HMSNode feature classes. Towards the end of the section 6. you will have the following datasets: 3. other data in the coverage are in turn referenced to the tics (which in turn type you want at the time of creation. Expanding a service will provide details, such as a description of the service, and a description of service layers, which includes details about the geometry type and attribute fields. Press OK. represents a user-defined area representing a phenomenon. values. The River and Reach attributes contain unique names for rivers and reaches, respectively. The number of shore points created is dependent on the extent of the AOI and the model resolution. The flow path defines the path of flow from the selected point to the outlet of the catchment following the steepest descent. In this example, well project the p.sf object to a UTM coordinate system (epsg=32619). If you expand the CedarCreek basin in watershed explorer, you will see the list of junctions, reaches and subbasins. Now open the attribute table of River featureclass, and you will see that the information you just provided on river and reach names is entered as feature attributes as shown below: Also note that there are still some unpopulated attributes in the River feature class (FromNode, ToNode, etc.). WebIn contrast to the raster data model is the vector data model. Open HEC-HMS, and select File->Open. Right click on cedar_soil_clip in the ArcMap table of contents, and click on Join and Relates->Join . WebData collected and managed by Forest Service programs is available in a map service and two downloadable file formats in a shape file and an ESRI file geodatabase. There will be more discussion on attribute tables in the next section, the - The WatershedPoints that are created as a result of batch watershed delineation will not have any attributes from the USGS gages or any other point feature class that you used in delineating the watersheds. Also, you can create other fields such as Name, Description etc that exist in BatchPoint, but that is not necessary. The next step is to import these data into a HEC-RAS model. Because You will get a summary of number of points removed for the filtered cross-sections. This is usually fine given that the only reason for converting a polygon to an owin format is for delineating the study boundary. Fill-in the name and comment as shown below in the form below. All fields that store lengths and areas will have corresponding _HMS fields as a result of this conversion. To create a slope grid using Arc Hydro tools, select Terrain Preprocessing -> Slope. Another free (but manual) alternative, is to use the US Census Bureaus web geocoding service for creating lat/lon values from a file of US street addresses. If you are measuring the distance from major cities to their You are done exporting the GIS data! You will notice that only a few cross-sections had points removal. pixel contains a value representing some numerical phenomenon, or a code use Data Integration: View data with different range of density and susceptibility. Drainage Line Polygons ( file name: DrainageLine), 3. This function captures the geographic information (x,y) of the subbasin boundaries and stream alignments in a text file that can be read and displayed within HMS. are generalized; however, raster datasets more clearly show their level of generalization. a different numeric value). Now open the attribute table for River, and understand the meaning of each attribute. few graphical examples of raster data. Similar to previous tables, the data are organized as the feature identifier (XS2DID), its relative station number and the corresponding n value as shown below: Close the table. The TIN (tP003) that is created in this step will define a zone that will connect the outer points of the bounding polygon, which means the TIN will include area outside the possible inundation. Click on RAS Geometry->XS Cut Line Attributes->River/Reach Names. The import process will ask for your inputs to complete. and sometimes unwieldy way to store data, but because many systems still use A breakdown of formats and intended use are listed below. For the elevation layer, the cell value is the elevation at the center of This function creates a grid in which each cell carries a value (grid code) indicating to which catchment the cell belongs. Compile your data with just a few clicks and bring your projects into Adobe Illustrator with the new AIX export capability. An error has occurred, please reload the page and try again. to the downstream end of the upper Baxter Reach. Geographic point data locations recorded in a spreadsheet can be converted to a spatial point object. Quickly author and discover content and web maps all within ArcGIS Pro. Where several drivers may be used to open data of a specific type, users may now modify these settings to ensure that the intended driver is used when importing specific vector data types. the attribute table. The CN Lag Method function computes basin lag in hours (weighted time of concentration or time from the center of mass of excess rainfall hyetograph to the peak of runoff hydrograph) using the NRCS National Engineering Handbook (1972) curve number method. Save the map document. The Name field in the input River feature class is populated with names that have R### format, where R stands for river/reach ### is an integer. You can write some metadata if you wish,and finally choose the outside MainView Geodatabase for Project Data Location, and browse to your working directory where cedar.mxd is stored. We will explore only those parameters that do not require additional datasets or information. It supports 'lookup', 'remove', and 'insert' operations. This function delineates the watershed upstream of each point in an input Batch Point feature class. WebEsri is the world leader in GIS (geographic information system) technology. These X and Y coordinates form the basis of the location of features The River Auto Name function assigns names to river segments. Either these are true points, such as the point marked by a USGS brass cap, shows the same pixellated structure. In ArcMap (if you closed baxter_georas.mxd earlier, open it) click on Import RAS SDFfile button to convert the SDF file into an XML file. Office for Outer Space Affairs Confirm inputs for RawDEM and River, and click OK. You can check the Slp field in the input River1 (or whatever name you have for your input river) feature class is populated. Leave the other options unchanged. For each catchment that is not a head catchment, a polygon representing the whole upstream area draining to its inlet point is constructed and stored in a feature class that has an Adjoint Catchment tag. Additional datasets that may be useful are aerial photograph(s) and land use information. The records hold attributes for the feature, such as Efficient cropping requires yield estimation for each involved crop, where data-driven models are commonly applied. Discover Voxel layers, a 3D volumetric layer to visually analyze and explore your complex multidimensional data. coordinates, which make up the shape of the line, as well as the tabular record A value of -1 for FID_ means one of the feature classes do have features in that area to union with features from other feature classes. After you respond to that message a project file report will be displayed as shown below: This set of files displayed in project report defines the HMS project that you can open and manipulate in HMS directly without interacting with GIS. Next, select HMS Project Setup->Generate Project. Also, processing very large raster files can be computationally more efficient when stored in a file geodatabase as opposed to an Imagine or GeoTiff file format. This will create ProjectPoint and ProjectArea feature classes. Click on the Flow Path. A ppp object is associated with the spatstat package which is designed to work off of a projected (cartesian) coordinate system. Double click at this point to finish digitizing the Tule Tributary. 6.1. Polygons are formed by bounding arcs, which keep track and all other features within the coverage are spatially referenced relative You can see a list of writable raster formats via a call to subset(rgdal::gdalDrivers(), create == TRUE). This tutorial will highlight some useful conversion functions for this purpose. The difference between these is important. Choose the lookup parameter as Curve Number (which is default) in the next window, Click OK, and then select the inputs for the next window as shown below: HydroDEM for Hydro DEM, cedar_soil_lu (merged soil and land use) for Curve Number Polygon, CNLookUp table for Curve Number Lookup, and leave the default CNGrid name for the Curve Number Grid. Unlike many other software environments such as word processors and spreadsheets, a GIS map project is not self-contained in a single file. Some packages such as spdep and spatstat require specialized data object types. If not, you will find the links to the data also below. Click on the Tracing icon in the ArcHydro toolbar to activate the tool. coordinate values for features stored in the GIS is known as georeferencing. For example, shapefiles can be directly read by a number of GIS software programs such as ArcGIS and QGIS. Vector data represent features as discrete points, lines, and polygons. Using GIS for hydrologic/hydraulic modeling usually involves three steps: 1) preprocessing of data, 2) model execution, and 3) post-processing/visualization of results. After you create the join, open the attribute table for cedar_soil_clip, and you will see that the fields from component table are now available in cedar_soil_clip feature class. WebWeek 2: Create a vector data model by using vector attribute tables, writing query strings, defining queries, and adding and calculating fields. Click on View->Background Map, and then add the river and basin shapefiles to see the watershed as shown below. at the time of data creation, where a new dataset is drawn in reference to existing Confirm that the input for Hydro DEM is Fil. Before you start digitizing the Tule Creek tributary, modify some editing options. Entering Flow data and boundary conditions. For example, the sample shapefile used in this exercise consists of the following files: Note that the number of files associated with a shapefile can vary. Points represent discrete locations on the ground. To list the layers available in the geopackage, type: In this example, we have two separate layers: Interstate and Rail. What remains of the sf summary output is the first few records of the attribute table. the background of the map. Press OK. Flows are typically defined at the most upstream location of each river/tributary, and at junctions. Click OK. Click OK on the message regarding successful creation of the project. Click on the Add icon to add the raster data. the X and Y location of the cells. ), remotely-sensed images (Landsat, SPOT, AVIRIS, AVHRR, Imagine IMG, digital certain scale of zoom (i.e., when the map's extent is completely within the an epsg code), if available, and a Well Known Text (WKT) formatted coordinate definition that consists of a series of [ ] tags as follows: The WKT format will usually start with a PROJCRS[] tag for a projected coordinate system, or a GEOGCRS[] tag for a geographic coordinate system. The next step is to import these data into a HEC-RAS model. You can respond to this message by selecting either yes or no - it does not matter in this exercise because we will join the table only once. You can use select by attributes option to do this. On the other hand, watersheds may overlap (For example, the two watersheds in the Watershed feature class overlap with each other). Featuring a robust set of capabilities, ArcGIS Pro allows you to visualize, analyze, and share projects with your team or anyone around the world. On the ArcHydro toolbar, select Terrain Preprocessing -> Stream Definition. Be patient and CNGrid will be added to your map document. The left and right flowpaths must be digitized within the floodplain in the downstream direction. in spatial data type. We can treat the main stem of the Baxter River as one river and the Tributary as the second river. You can use this option to trace the flow path (the path along which water will flow to the outlet) for any point in the watershed. The vector data will be stored in a feature dataset also named Layers within the geodatabase associated with the map document. This will invoke a dockable window in ArcGIS at the bottom that will display the profile of the selected reach. Save the map document. Confirm River for Stream Centerline and Flowpaths for Flow Path Centerlines, and click OK. To create the left and right flow paths (in Flowpaths feature class), start editing, and choose Create New Feature as the Task, and Flowpaths as the Target as shown below: Use the sketch tool to create flowpaths. We will use this to locate the outlet of the watershed. layers will be one of 2 major types. The SCS CN table gives CN for different combinations of land use and soil group. In the next window, choose English units (default) from the drop-down menu, and click OK. After this process is complete, you will see new fields in both River and Subbasin feature classes that will have fields ending with _HMS to indicate these fields store attributes in the specified HMS units (English in this case). We can add blocked obstructions to our study by using building locations in the aerial photograph. For each feature within the shapefile, there is an associated record within of the earth. Take a look at attribute tables of River and Subbasin feature class to see what fields are populated, and what they mean in hydrologic modeling. The Basin Slope tool computes average slope for sub-basins using the slope grid and sub-basin polygons. In the main HEC-RAS window, click on Edit->Steady Flow Data. Vector data, raster data, images, Triangular Irregular Networks (TINs), and terrain datasets are all apart of Spatial data. For quick access, and to explore our published services, go directly to our REST service directory using your browser: https://gis.nhcgov.com/server/rest/services/. raster dataset for ArcGIS as well as ArcInfo. The output is Drainage Point with the default name DrainagePoint that can be overwritten. ArcLength is the actual length of the reach in map units, and is equal to Shape_Length. As - Another way to delineate watersheds for existing points is to just load/append these points to the BatchPoint feature class. Unzip cngrid.zip in your working directory. Spatial referencing of shapefiles is enforced by maintaining explicit X and Now open the table cedar_soil_clip and modify the fields PctA, PctB, PctC, and PctD as previously indicated. It is then cumbersome to find out which feature classes were used during pre-processing, and which feature classes contain results for visualization. Select Parameters->Basin Auto Name. Click OK. (Note: Center of Gravity Method computes the centroid as the center of gravity of the sub basin if it is located within the sub basin. Because cell size is constant is to just delete them. Where several drivers may be used to open data of a specific type, users may now modify these settings to ensure that the intended driver is used when importing specific vector data types. the tabular data model is worth mentioning here. This function overlays subbasins over grids and compute average value for each basin. Click Yes on the message box. The NHD is available as a file geodatabase download, which maintains the richness of the complex NHD You can also opt to remove this column prior to creating the dataframe as follows: You can export an sf object to many different spatial file formats such as a shapefile or a geopackage. These features are usually referred to as slivers. and authoritative data maintenance in 2D, 3D, and 4D. This function converts the input Stream Link grid into a Drainage Line feature class. Confirm the location and the name of the export file (GIS2RAS in this case), and click OK. You can select the Single Location tab to see the effect of points removal on the cross-sections. a long time to draw. This file format consists of a single .img file. in Scale Issues. In the above diagram, each feature The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses imagery to visualize landscapes and understand context to guide decision-making. Upon successful completion of the process, the polygon feature class Catchment is added to the map. It can read data from its data catalog, a netCDF file, or a directly attached model, and output the data, either by feeding it to a model, creating a netCDF file, or creating plots and other representations of the data. of the coordinate (vector) data, and an attribute table containing a record Another way (easiest!) For the orthophotos, the color One of the best tools for editing cross-sections in HEC-RAS is the graphical cross-section editor. of representation. All other cells in the Stream Grid contain no data. Add cngrid (curve number grid) from Layers folder to the map document. Confirm the inputs, and leave the default name for output Centroidal Longest Flow Path, and Click OK. Relational Database Model, but Conversion from sf to owin requires the use of the maptools package. Create a new empty map. The output is a reconditioned Agree DEM (default name AgreeDEM). by labelpoint 2). This will create a surface with water surface elevation for the selected profile. WebIngrid, by M. Benno Blumenthal
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